KTV (Koyo Training Vehicle) Panaramic view

Very impressive vehicle. While it was a wonderful day with all the activity, it felt good when it was over. The turnout was wondferful. Thank you to all that stopped by, and thank you to the Koyo representative and driver!

Until next time!!!

An impressive show of technology on wheels is parked in our parking lot today. KTV Truck (Koyo Training Vehicle) on the inside is as impressive as it is on the outside.  The gentleman enjoying the coffee is Mr Cox, VP of Bearings Incorporated, and movtivator to bring the truck to our facilities at Bearings Incorporated.

COUNTERFIT BEARINGS

This is thought provoking .. and can cause a crisis.  Make sure that you are using suppliers with a positive reputation.  Bearings Incorporated is a direct supplier of the big names like Timken, Torrington, MBL belts, Optibelt, and all of our suppliers have offices within the borders of United States of America.

Please it could save your life … KNOW where your bearings are coming from ..

BEARINGS, HOW THEY ARE MADE
I saw this video this morning and thought it would a good way to start the new year of 2012.  It was interesting to watch, and very informative.

Hope you enjoy it.

On our website, Bearings Incorporated; specifically within the Peer Bearing Category check out the Large Bore Series.  This is new to Peer Bearing, and they are as excited about it as we are .  These prices are in effect until December 31, 2011.  Check them out!! Electric Motor Quality, containing Mobile Polyrex EM Grease; they come in Open (C3), ZZD-C3 and 2RLD-C3.

Also check out our new Facebook connection and LIKE our page at Bearings Incorporated at Facebook!

I’m still in the process of working on it .. and will post the link once I get it to the point of linking direct .. that way you could visit us on our Facebook Page as well …

Koyo will be stopping by with it’s KTV on September 28th from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm, and open to Bearings Incorporated past, present and future customers.

Koyo brochure 2011

Here is the printable brochure, and we hope to see you there!!

PRELOADING

Description

Preload is defined as the internal load existing in any device before an external working load is applied. The application of preload to ball bearings is utilized to increase the ball bearing unit’s rigidity; to guarantee intimate contact between the rolling elements and the races at all times, thus insuring complete utilization of the actual running accuracies of the bearings; to elimi­nate the possibility of looseness from all phases of bear­ing operation; and to obtain the added effects on the bearing’s basic geometry such as a change in contact angle, a change in strain pattern or a reduction of the minute inaccuracies caused by surface irregularities.

Selection

The selection of the type of bearing and the mount­ing arrangement to be used is a function of the operat­ing conditions and requirements of the assembly. A realistic evaluation of these conditions and require­ments must be made in order to establish the design parameters. Often these parameters are contradictory in practice; therefore, the designer must strive for the optimum design through compromise. Design consider­ations, such as speed range, operating loads, rigidity requirements, accuracy desired, and ambient and oper­ating temperatures, determine which type bearing must be used, which type mounting and lubrication is re­quired and whether or not preload is necessary. These factors also dictatethe magnitude of the preload required and the method of its application.

If the design dictates that preload is required, a proper level must then be chosen. It should be stressed that while preload on bearings increases their rigidity it also reduces their life expectancy and increases their frictional drag. Therefore, the choice of the preload level to be incorporated must be made with care. Too often, however, the basic design parameters are contradictory and a compromise preload must be selected.

The Fafnir Bearing Company offers three standard preload levels for the various bearing types and sizes. These preload levels were established to satisfy most application requirements.

In the determination of limiting operational speeds corresponding to the permissible ball bearing preloads for machine tool spindles, many influencing factors are involved. Among those considered are spindle mass and construction; type of mounting; spindle rigidity; accu­racy requirements; spindle loads; service life; type of service, intermittent or continuous; and method of lubrication.

Because of the complexity of this subject, encom­passing all of the factors is difficult. Over a period of several years, data from actual field applications has been accumulated and compiled.   Extra precision ball bearings of the three basic series are included. In certain applications, such as the high-speed motorized spindles, specially preloaded extra-precision ball bearings are required. These bearings are zero preloaded (desig­nated FS-223). This means that the faces of the inner and outer rings are flush ground under negligible load.

Width Tolerances

The width tolerance for individual inner and outer rings is +.000 to —.005, but to allow for face grinding for various preload levels the total width tolerances for duplex pairs of bearings are as follows:

If additional bearings are involved, the total width tolerance is in proportion to the number of bearings.

SHAFT AND HOUSING DESIGN

Shafts

Shafts  are generally made from steel, hardened and ground all over. During the  design of a spindle or shaft it is highly desirable to plan the design  so that the shafts can be ground all over from one setting as a final opera­tion to assure true balance and running accuracy.  This is a basic requirement  for extreme accuracy or high­speed operation.

Housings

Housings  are generally made of cast iron and usually are seasoned to lessen possible distortions. The bore of the housing should be ground or precision bored and checked  at a number of points throughout its length and diameter to assure that it  is uniformly round and not tapered. It is preferable to mount the bearings in one casting. In this way the two or more housing bores required can be machined during one setting, thereby, helping to assure accurate alignment.

In many applications, a quill-type design is required in order to obtain spindle adjustment. This type of assembly can be advantageous,
in certain applications, in that it allows assembly of the bearings on the shaft and insertion of the bearings and shaft into a housing as a
bench assembly. Quill-type designs are also used when the main frame is made of materials having low hardness such as aluminum.

Where screws are used to fasten parts into the main housing, adequate section should be left under the screw holes to prevent
distortion of the housing bore when the screws are secured and the covers or other parts are pulled tightly into place.

Bearing Spacers

Spacers mounted between units of a pair of bear­ings are preferably made of steel, hardened and ground and should be sturdy in cross-section. The length should be produced by grinding the inner ring spacer and outer ring spacer simultaneously. It is important that faces of the spacers are square and that their parallelism is the best possible. All corners should be rounded to remove sharp edges and burrs.

The inside diameter of the inner ring spacer should clear the shaft, but not be so loose as to make it possible to mount and run them
eccentrically. For short spacers and high operating speed a clearance of less than .001″ over the maximum shaft diameter is generally satisfactory. For long spacers and low speeds this clear­ance may be increased to prevent the shaft from dis­turbing the face parallelism of the spacer.

The outside diameter of the outer ring spacer should be about .001″ less than the minimum bore of the housing. The overall design of the inner ring and outer ring spacers should be made so that a minimum of dead air space is left in the cavity between the bearings.

Housing Seals

A labyrinth combination of slinger and end cover provides a highly effective seal against intrusion of foreign material. This seal
design is recommended for use over a wide range of speeds. For exceptional slow speed applications a combination of slinger and com­mercial contact type seal is usually employed.

Slingers should be completely machined to assure true running. Their diameters should be concentric with the bore. The outside diameter of the slinger is often tapered, to throw off cutting compounds, coolants, etc., from the point at which such liquids may enter the spindle. A drip or runout groove adjacent to the open lip of the end cover is highly desirable and practical.

The axial clearances of the internal faces between slinger and end cover should be about 1/16 of an inch. The first radial clearance opening on any design through which liquid may pass should be made very close, approximately .003/.005″ on a side. The inner radial clearance should be between .0075″ and .015″. These figures are based on successful practice.

In sophisticated oil-air-mist lubrication systems it has been found that exhaust porting must be supplied between the bearings and
labyrinth type seals in order to insure adequate lubrication of the bearings and suffi­cient air flow for cooling.

SHAFT AND HOUSING FITS

Shaft Fits

The main purpose of the shaft fit is to assure proper security of the inner ring to the shaft. Under normal conditions of shaft rotation, a loosely fitted inner ring will creep on the shaft leading to wear and peening. This condition will be further aggravated by increase of load or speed. To prevent creeping or slipping, the inner ring should be mounted firmly in place and held securely against the shaft shoulder. However, it is important that the shaft diameter should not be so great an inter­ference fit as to cause undue radial preloading of the bearing. Such a condition could lead to excessive heat generation and increased power consumption.

As a general rule it is recommended that the shaft size and tolerance for seating extra-precision bearings be the same as the bearing bore.
In the case of pre‑ loaded bearings, the ideal shaft fit is a line-to-line fit since an excessively tight fit expands the bearing inner ring and
increases the bearing preload which can lead to overheating. In the case of extremely high-speed applications, however, a minimum press fit of the inner ring is required to insure that the proper fit will be maintained at operating speed. This press fit must be sufficient to compensate for expansion of inner ring due to centrifugal force. Any creeping or shifting of the inner ring on a high-speed device would tend to destroy the balance of the shaft assembly.

The extent of preload change due to an interference fit on the shaft can best be illustrated by the following example: A duplex pair of 2MM9111WI CR DUL bear­ings, with 35 pounds built-in preload, mounted on a shaft that provides an interference fit of .0004 inches will
have a mounted preload level of approximately 180 pounds. This significant increase in preload will result in elevated operating
temperatures.

Housing Fits

Under normal conditions of rotating shaft, the outer ring is stationary and should be mounted in the housing with a hand push or a light tap fit. Should the housing be the rotating member, the same fundamental considera­tions apply in mounting the outer ring that were used for the inner ring mounted on a rotating shaft.

As a general rule for rotating shaft applications, the minimum housing bore dimension for extra-precision bearings should be established
as the maximum bear­ing outside diameter. The tolerance of the housing bore should be the same as the tolerance for the outer ring.

Numerous designs utilize the fixed and floating principle. The previously mentioned fitting practice should be utilized on the fixed
end only. In order to insure that the opposite end will float, and to corn pen-sate for thermal changes within the device, it is neces­sary to supply a looser housing fit. Generally this fit will be sufficient if the average fit is made .0002″ looser than the average fit of the fixed end. If a heat source is present, such as an integral motor, added looseness in the housing will be required.

BALL BEARING TYPES

Non-Filling Slot Type

M-K and MM-K type ball bearings are designed to carry radial, axial or combined loading. Because of the fully shouldered inner and outer races, these bearings can carry axial load in both directions and have relatively high-speed capability.

Annular Contact Type

2M-WI and 2MM-WI types, with 12° contact angles, maximum complement of balls, and one-piece inner ring-piloted retainers are designed to meet the needs of machine builders for extra-precision bearings which will operate with minimum temperature rise for a wide range of speeds and operating loads. In order for machines to produce more accurate work at a higher production rate, the bearings must provide a high degree of rigidity in both axial and radial directions. For example, on precision turning machines, cutting tools impose heavier loads on bearings than those en­countered in precision grinding. In the former, speeds are slower and loads heavier than in the latter, where speeds are high and loads light. 2M-WI and 2MM-WI types give machine builders the flexibility required to meet such variations in application requirements

3M-WI and 3MM-WI types, manufactured with 25° contact angles, maximum complement of balls, and one-piece inner ring pilot retainers are designed primarily for use on applications where the loading on the bear­ings is predominately thrust and a high degree of axial rigidity is a definite requirement, or when a closer balance between the axial and radial bearing spring constants is required. Typical applications for these bearings are large, vertical, rotary-surface-grinders, horizontal and vertical disc-grinders, heavy-duty lathes, boring machines and milling machines.

2MM-WO types, with 18° contact angles, are de­signed for extremely high-speed applications where the centrifugal force of the balls must be considered. Unlike the MM-WI type which has counterbored outer rings and inner ring land piloted retainers, the 2MM-WO type has full shoulders on both sides of the outer race and a low land on one side of the inner ring. This design permits assembly of a maximum complement of balls and a one-piece channeled retainer piloting on the pre­cision ground lands of the outer ring.

Ball Screw Support Bearings

To meet the requirements of the highly sophisti­cated numerically controlled machinery field, The Fafnir Bearing Company has developed a new family of ball bearings especially designed for ball screw applications. The design criteria for these bearings are maximum axial rigidity, low drag torque and extreme control of lateral eccentricities. These bearings have been used successfully on all types of tape controlled machinery, precision instruments, missiles, and slide actuators or in-feed mechanisms used on standard machine tools.